Is it possible to find out on what Roman day of the week Jesus resurrected?
Upvote:0
You have the wrong idea about Judea. It was not "colonized" by the Romans. There were no Romans in Jerusalem, the location of Jesus' death. Jerusalem did not use the Roman calendar in any way.
The Roman praetor who technically ruled Judea was located in Caesarea, almost 60 miles away, a three-day journey.
Also, remember that in Judea virtually nobody spoke Latin, so from that alone it would not have been practical to adopt Roman customs like their dating system. Judea had only been a satellite of Roman for about 50 years at that time and was largely autonomous, being rule by the Hasmoneans, a native people who spoke Assyrian and used the Babylonian calendar, which was identical to the Hebrew calendar.
Both the Gospels and the Talmud say He was executed on the day-eve of Passover, but the day of the week can vary, so without knowing the exact year it is impossible to say the day of the week, and moreover, even if we knew the exact year, there are number of calendrical uncertainties, such as movable leap days, that would still leave it in doubt.
Upvote:1
This is actually a subject of much debate. More interestingly, the answer depends on which Gospel account you are reading*.
For the Synoptics, the Last Supper is the key. They report it as a Passover meal, which by definition puts it on 14 Nisan. The crucifixion is (strongly implied at least) the next day, so 15 Nisan.
For John, its Jesus' trial that clues us in. It occurred on the Day of Preparation prior to Passover, placing the crucifixion itself on 14 Nisan. This chronology may have been influenced by a desire in John to equate Jesus to the traditional Passover sacrifice (the Paschal Lamb)2
As for the day of the week, all four Gospels agree it was a few hours before the start of the Sabbath (IOW: a Friday).
1 - Sadly for the literalists, there are rather a lot of inconsistencies between the four different Gospels. Generally a believer has to either ignore the scholoarly research, or dump literalism.
2 - John was the latest of the Gospels written. For historians that makes it the least certain. However, it is easily the most poetic.
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