How did the French and English forces "stack up" toward the end of the Hundred Years' War?
score:7
First of all, don't forget she was helped by a lot of war veterans, that were really happy to have someone claiming God is on their side for this endless war. One of them is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Hire . Someone nicknamed "The Wrath of God" is quite cool, and it also makes sense with the "God is with us".
What made the French win the war however was really the fact that the French Crown began centralizing its power. Which means, much more funds and a somehow more cohesive army. England on the other hand was pretty much decentralized, with powerful vassals fighting independently for fame and money. While it was cool and permitted to make a lot of skilled generals, it also permitted a lot of infighting. Thus, the cohesion of the army wasn't really impressive.
Also, The Black Prince (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince) and his father died quite early leaving a minor on the throne. This allowed more infighting in the english side and to the french to lick their wounds and prepare a bit more.
And lastly, Joan of Arc legitimized the French King (Nicknamed "Le Dauphin", the heir.) by securizing his crowning.
Thus we had on one side, people believing God was finally on their side, a rightful king not that stupid, competent nobleman willing to crush the opposition under the same banner (also full of revenge because of the disastrous defeats at the beginning of the war.). On the other side, disorganized nobles plotting against each other in order to become more powerfull, no king to keep them in line and finally a "witch" claiming God is against them.
Thus, I think this was was won because of the morale differences + centralization vs decentralization.
(I'm sorry if this is hard to read, english isn't my native languages.)
Upvote:1
Joan of Arc entered during the Siege of Orleans, in which the French already had the advantage by defending a well fortified position. Her assault on Paris failed and the city was only taken by diplomatic means.
Besides this, there were two major battles in the final stage of the war:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Formigny
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon
They were fought with equal numbers on both sides. However, the English made tactical mistakes and lost both battles.
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