score:11
From Wikipedia's reference desk (originally discussing moving images):
On the German wikipedia, we had a fascinating discussion about the earliest born person of whom a photograph exists. We managed to go back to a birth date of around 1746
Skimming the German discussion, it seems the winner there was Hannah Stilley Gorbey, an elderly American lady photographed circa 1840, born 1746. There is also this image of one Baltus Stone recorded as born 1747; not much information, but some more details here.
It's quite possible that someone else slightly older was photographed, but unlikely you'd get back before about 1740 - this would put them at over 100 when the first daguerrotypes were being made.
For moving images, the answer seems to be probably Pope Leo XIII (born 1810, filmed 1898), with the tantalizing suggestion that Vasily Goncharov's film 1812 (made 1912) contained two people aged over 110. This is possible, but seems very unlikely - people of this age have been recorded, but very rarely.
Upvote:2
I'm not sure anyone knows for sure, but the prime contenders seem to be this landscape with a man getting a shoe shine in the background from 1838 and this self portrait of Robert Cornelius from 1839.