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The association with the 4th of July is relatively recent, starting in 1974 when the Boston Pops played it for a televised celebration of American Independence.
The factor that cemented the work's association with Independence Day was its programming by Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops for their televised July 4th concert in 1974, replete with cannons, expanded bell choir and fireworks. . .
"One factor is that it was written to be an outdoors piece so it works very well in that setting," says musicologist Howard Pollack, a professor at the University of Houston's Moores School of Music.
"Though it describes a different war, so much of the music could also suggest the American War of 1812 and the bombardment by British forces that inspired Francis Scott Key to write our national anthem, 'The Star-Spangled Banner.'
"Tchaikovsky's music in this piece seems to express the same sort of ideas, 'the rockets' red glare, bombs bursting in air.' "
Coincidentally, everything from the piece's name to its orchestration fits well with the way Americans celebrate the 4th of July. The Boston Pops being influential, the association has stuck.