When was the festival of the See of Peter in the 6th Century?
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In his History of the Councils of the Church, Volume 3, Charles Hefele records that:
... the Latin Emperor Valentinian III came with his wife Eudoxia (a daughter of Theodosius II.), and his mother Galla Placidia (aunt of Theodosius), to Rome, in order to pay his devotions there on the Festival of the holy Apostle Peter (at the Festival of the See of Peter, S. Peter’s Day, February 22, 450)
- p266 (my emphasis)
As the Wikipedia page on St Peter notes,
In the Roman Rite, the feast of the Chair of Saint Peter is celebrated on 22 February
This is confirmed on the website of the Liturgy Office of The Catholic Church in England and Wales.
So it would appear that the date of the festival has remained unchanged on 22 February since at least the fifth century.
Upvote:2
When was the festival of the See of Peter in the 6th Century?
It would seem that the festival in question would be the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter. But the date of this feast was January 18 and not February 22, as noted in Sempaiscuba's answer.
In the modern liturgy of the Roman Rite, the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter is the 22nd of February. But prior to 1969, this feast was in fact on January the 18th. Wikipedia backs this up.
In the Roman Rite, the feast of the Chair of Saint Peter is celebrated on 22 February.
Before Pope John XXIII's revision in 1960, the Roman Calendar also included on 18 January another feast of the Chair of Saint Peter (denominated the Chair of Saint Peter in Rome, while the February feast was then called that of the Chair of Saint Peter at Antioch).
The Catholic Encyclopedia is still clearer:
From the earliest times the Church at Rome celebrated on 18 January the memory of the day when the Apostle held his first service with the faithful of the Eternal City. According to Duchesne and de Rossi, the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" (Weissenburg manuscript) reads as follows: "XV KL. FEBO. Dedicatio cathedræ sci petri apostoli qua primo Rome petrus apostolus sedit" (fifteenth day before the calends of February, the dedication of the Chair of St. Peter the Apostle in which Peter the Apostle first sat at Rome). The Epternach manuscript (Codex Epternacensis) of the same work, says briefly: "cath. petri in roma" (the Chair of Peter in Rome).
In its present (ninth-century) form the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" gives a second feast of the Chair of St. Peter for 22 February, but all the manuscripts assign it to Antioch, not to Rome. Thus the oldest manuscript, that of Berne, says: "VIII kal. mar. cathedræ sci petri apostoli qua sedit apud antiochiam". The Weissenburg manuscript says: "Natl [natale] sci petri apostoli cathedræ qua sedit apud antiocia." However, the words qua sedit apud antiochiam are seen at once to be a later addition. Both feasts are Roman; indeed, that of 22 February was originally the more important. This is clear from the Calendar of Philocalus drawn up in the year 354, and going back to the year 311; it makes no mention of the January feast but speaks thus of 22 February: "VIII Kl. Martias: natale Petri de cathedra" (eighth day before the Calends of March, the birthday [i.e. feast] of the Chair of Peter). It was not until after the insertion of Antioch in the copies of the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" that the feast of February gave way in importance to that of January. The Roman Church, therefore, at an early date celebrated a first and a second assumption of the episcopal office in Rome by St. Peter. - Chair of Peter
The Church of St. Peter of Antakya (Antioch) is locally believed to be the Church founded by the apostle St. Peter. This is the first see founded by this Prince of Apostles. With the reform of the liturgical calendar, the feast of the Chair of St. Peter at Rome is celebrated on February 22. The feast of the Chair of St. Peter at Antioch was suppressed. Notwithstanding this fact, the local church at Antioch nowadays celebrates its' own particular Feast of the Chair of St. Peter, on February 21st.
If the second feast (February 22) only took on importance in the ninth century, then the Festival of the See of Peter in the 6th Century would have been on January 18 and not as Charles Hefele holds in his History of the Councils of the Church, Volume 3.
Facade of the Church of St Peter, originally built ca. 1100 by Crusaders and rebuilt in the 19th century
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