Are there primary sources that record the pre-conquest decoration/mosaic of the Hagia Sophia?
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Procopius, De Aedificiis, published in 561 AD, provides a contemporary description. The extant material was published in the Loeb Classical Library.
Many of the mosaics were plastered over when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman's in 1453; it is only recently that restoration has begun; for details see Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul:
They remained hidden for 400 years, until the architects Gaspare and Giuseppe Fossati temporarily uncovered them in 1848 and 1849. In 1931 Hagia Sophia was deconsecrated as a mosque and opened as a museum with the permission of the president of the Republic of Turkey, Kemal Atatürk. Between 1931 and 1949, the mosaics were uncovered and cleaned by the staff of the Byzantine Institute.
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History notes that new mosaics were added after the Iconoclastic period.
The interior of Hagia Sophia was paneled with costly colored marbles and ornamental stone inlays. Decorative marble columns were taken from ancient buildings and reused to support the interior arcades. Initially, the upper part of the building was minimally decorated in gold with a huge cross in a medallion at the summit of the dome. After the period of Iconoclasm (726–843), new figural mosaics were added, some of which have survived to the present day.
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