What title did the merchants permitted to deal with Canton's 13 Factories carry?

Upvote:6

I'm not deeply familiar with this history and don't know Chinese, but can link you to some relevant terminology from Wikipedia.

The institutional arrangements for foreign trade under the Qing dyansty prior to the Opium War are widely known as the Canton System. Apparently the primary Chinese term for this was yīkǒu tōngshāng (一口通商) meaning "single [port] trading relations".

The Thirteen Factories at the center of the Canton System were referred to individually as hong and collectively as the cohong (公行) meaning "public trade".

The hubu (户部) or hoppo was the Qing official who oversaw the Canton System as Administrator of the Canton Customs or Yuèhǎi Guānbù (粵海關部).

On the European side, a key individual person dealing with the cohong would have been the supercargo of a ship.

Brian Z 18314

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