When and why did round coins become a practical standard?
Upvote:14
I have to agree with the comments. Most coins have always been round but maybe some Asian countries have had more non-round coins than other areas of the world. But it also depends on what you want to call a coin. There's Chinese spade money from 650 BC for example. India has a long history of square coins which are definitely coins.
This one is from 450 - 350 BC. http://www.joelscoins.com/india.htm
This one is from 1976. https://indiancollectible.blogspot.com/2018/11/interesting-varieties-of-modern-indian.html
There are some more examples for India http://www.payer.de/quellenkunde/quellen0411.htm
Japan also had non-round coins. There are lots at this website from 18th and 19th centuries. http://www.coinvault.com/japan.htm
There are also examples from medieval times for the Muwahhids (Almohads). https://www.vcoins.com/en/stores/david_l_tranbarger_rare_coins/159/product/islamic_muwahhids_almohads_c_12th13th_century_square_ar_dirham_sabta/646299/Default.aspx
And here is another modern one from Aruba. The Cook Islands has a triangular coin https://matadornetwork.com/read/7-coolest-currencies-world-stories-behind/
If you do some googling (square coins) you'll see that there are other examples and they come from different time periods. There's no clear pattern except that most coins have been round ever since man started making them. So I don't think we can say when round coins became a practical standard because most early coins were already round and because the situation was different in different regions at different times. But we might say that non-round coins are less common these days, maybe because of vending machines.
About why coin are mostly round, there are several ideas or theories about this. For example there's an article called Why are coins historically round and not square? which says
A little historically, a lot of coins were made by pressing down a small ingot with a pre-made stamp. This typically forces the metal into a rounded shape anyway and means less work to finish the coin – and coins had to exist in relatively large quantities.
Another article called Why Are Coins Round Instead Of Square Or Rectangle?
round coins are easier to Mint. A circular die simply needs to line up with the opposing circular blank to mint a coin successfully.
There are other practical reasons like
A round shape is less likely to wear down unevenly since no one part of it sticks out further than the rest from any angle.
http://www.herebeanswers.com/2017/09/why-are-coins-historically-round-and.html
Also in the days when coins value was because of its metal and weight, it was easy to cut off the corners but more difficult to do that with round coins. And then in the modern world there are vending machines which need coins to roll.
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