Medieval farmer's metal tools
Upvote:1
Primary uses of metal for tools on a medieval farm from "A History of Agriculture and Prices in England: 1259-1400" by Rogers and other sources:
- the coulter, plough foot and plough share (parts of a plough)
- spades were tipped with iron or bronze
- scythes
- pitch forks
- axes
- pickaxes
- knives
Things like rakes and harrows were usually made of wood.
Upvote:6
Billhooks were used for a large variety of work on the farm including pruning grape vines, fruit and nut trees and hedges. They date from Roman times and illuminations from a variety of sources across several centuries and many countries show the billhooks in wide use. You've likely already found this site in your own researching but just in case ... http://www.billhooks.co.uk/history/billhooks-from-the-medieval-period-to-the-renaissance/ I'm unfamiliar with the credentials of the organization but they show a range of images with sources listed that are good.
If you're looking for wood working tools I'm not sure if you mean those used to craft harvested wood into other tools or shingles or fences or if you mean agricultural tools used when dealing with orchards, woody crops or clearing land.
Of the former, based on my own research I'd add augers, draw knives, spoke knives, and chisels.
A decent quick hit online includes St. Thomas' Guild blog at http://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2012/05/medieval-toolchest-drawknife.html
Two decent books I can think of off hand that might give some information are "The Medieval Garden" by Landsberg and "Eighteenth-Century Woodworking Tools: Papers Presented at a Tool Symposium" edited by James M. Gaynor which has many references to Medieval tools with citations.
Also I would suggest that the particulars of what tools were owned depends largely on the specific circumstances of the individuals. There were certainly farmers who did their own farrier work as Tyler suggests above but there were also communities that offered incentives to attract blacksmiths who shod the horses.
Another point that I do not have citation for off hand but I think is relevant to your question is that, depending on the specific situation, the lord of the manor or the community itself might own expensive tools that are used by several people instead of a peasant owning the tool himself. I will pull my books out tonight and see if I can track down the text I'm thinking of.
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