Why do Jehovah's Witnesses refuse to pledge allegiance or salute the flag?

I learned this from Jehovah's Witnesses.

1. They believe that Satan is the ruler of this world:

   John 12:31 (NIV)
   Now is the time for judgment on this world; now the prince of this world will be driven out.

   John 14:30 (NIV)
   I will not say much more to you, for the prince of this world is coming. He has no hold over me.

2. They also believe that each and every kingdom here on Earth is ruled and controlled by Satan:

   Daniel 2:44 (NIV)
   In the time of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will crush all those kingdoms and bring them to an end, but it will itself endure forever.

So, for them, if you are saluting the flag they feel that you are saluting what Satan has made:

1 John 5:19 (NIV)
We know that we are children of God, and that the whole world is under the control of the evil one.

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that bowing down to a flag, saluting it or pledging allegiance to it, is equivalent to worshiping the flag, the nation it represents, or even the nation's leaders. Our sole devotion and allegiance should be to God. A scriptural account that provides a principle to follow is found in Daniel chapter 3.

Also, the scriptures show that God no longer favors one nation over another. Acts 10:34: "God is not partial." So his servants should share that view, rather than the commonly held views of nationalism and patriotism that imply that one's nation is superior to others.

I think it is important especially in 2017 with all the controversy surrounding those who are refusing to participate for political reasons to make clear why our reasons for not participating in the pledge of allegiance etc are different:

In a brochure designed for educators of our children we find:

Children of Jehovah’s Witnesses are taught not to discourage others from saluting the flag; that is for each individual to decide. The position of the Witnesses themselves, however, is firm: They do not salute the flag of any nation. This is certainly not intended to indicate disrespect. They do respect the flag of whatever country they live in, and they show this respect by obedience to the country’s laws. They never engage in antigovernment activity of any kind. In fact, Witnesses believe that present human governments constitute an “arrangement of God” that he has permitted to exist. So they consider themselves to be under divine command to pay taxes and to respect such “superior authorities.” (Romans 13:1-7) This is in line with Christ’s famous statement: “Give back to Caesar what belongs to Caesar—and to God what belongs to God.”—Matthew 22:21, Catholic Jerusalem Bible.

But why, then,’ some may ask, ‘do Jehovah’s Witnesses not honor the flag by saluting it?’ It is because they view the flag salute as an act of worship, and worship belongs to God; they cannot conscientiously give worship to anyone or anything except God. (Matthew 4:10; Acts 5:29) Therefore, they appreciate it when educators respect this conviction and allow Witness children to abide by their beliefs.

Not surprisingly, Jehovah’s Witnesses are not alone in believing that the flag salute is related to worship, as the following comments show:

"Early flags were almost purely of a religious character. . . . The aid of religion seems ever to have been sought to give sanctity to national flags.” (Italics ours.)—Encyclopædia Britannica.

"The flag, like the cross, is sacred. . . . The rules and regulations relative to human attitude toward national standards use strong, expressive words, as, ‘Service to the Flag,’ . . . ‘Reverence for the Flag,’ ‘Devotion to the Flag.’” (Italics ours.)—The Encyclopedia Americana.

"Christians refused to . . . sacrifice to the [Roman] emperor’s genius—roughly equivalent today to refusing to salute the flag or repeat the oath of allegiance.”—Those About to Die (1958), by Daniel P. Mannix, page 135.

Again, Jehovah’s Witnesses intend no disrespect for any government or its rulers by a refusal to salute the flag. It is just that they will not, in an act of worship, bow down to or salute an image representing the State. They view it as similar to the stand taken in Bible times by three young Hebrew men who refused to bow down before the statue raised up on the plain of Dura by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar. (Daniel, chapter 3) So then, while others salute and pledge allegiance, children of Jehovah’s Witnesses are taught to follow their Bible-trained consciences. Thus, they silently and respectfully refrain from participating. For similar reasons, Witness children choose not to participate when national anthems are sung or played.