Is Jesus seen as both the Passover Lamb and Goat(s) of the Atonement in any Protestant Theology?
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I would expect that every Christian denomination would see Jesus's death as the fulfilment of both the Passover sacrifice and the Day of Atonement sacrifices and rituals, because the identification is made in the scriptures themselves.
1 Corinthians 5:7 says directly that Christ is our Passover lamb:
Cleanse out the old leaven that you may be a new lump, as you really are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.
Hebrews 9 is a lengthy comparison of the Jewish priests' ministry and Jesus' ministry. Its focus is more on showing that Jesus is the great high priest than explicitly saying he was the fulfilment of the goats, but the comparison is still there when it talks about his blood. The first paragraph shows that the Day of Atonement was the focus. The second shows the glorious truth that Jesus' death has done away with the need for all recurrent sacrifices!
Hebrews 9:6-7: These preparations having thus been made, the priests go regularly into the first section, performing their ritual duties, but into the second only the high priest goes, and he but once a year, and not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people.
Hebrews 9:11-14: But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.
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