In Christian dogma, can Satan and the fallen angels (his demons) get married and have progeny?

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I know of two conflicting views:

1) The Genesis 6 account of the Nephilim

6:1 When human beings began to increase in number on the earth and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humans were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose. 3 Then the Lord said, “My Spirit will not contend with humans forever, for they are mortal; their days will be a hundred and twenty years.”

4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went to the daughters of humans and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.

Some believe that the "Sons of God" are fallen angels who cohabitated with human women to form a race of giants. Others believe that it refers to the descendants of Seth (the good blood line, as opposed to Cain, the bad blood line).

2) Jesus' answer to a question about marriage in heaven in Mark 12:

18 Then the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to him with a question. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother. 20 Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children. 21 The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third. 22 In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too. 23 At the resurrection[c] whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”

24 Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God? 25 When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven. 26 Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’[d]? 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”

This passage says that in heaven there is no marriage and that we mortal humans will become like the angels. That means that the angels do not marry, either.

The first passage is considered unclear by many scholars. The second passage is very clear. I would put my money on the clear teaching, and use it to interpret the unclear. It is not likely that angels or demons can have sexual relations with human women and give birth to progeny.

Concerning views held in antiquity:

This article demonstrates that both the view that the "Sons of God" were fallen angels and the view that they were prominent, but ordinary men were held in antiquity. Though Augustine persuaded many against this view, he was not the first to argue against it.

https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/don_stewart/don_stewart_724.cfm

The article makes one good point: in every other instance in the Pentateuch, Moses uses the Hebrew word for angel, except once, where he uses cherubim. Considering how consistent he was with his usage, this argues against the angel view.

Paul Chernoch 11163

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In order to understand these next two Scriptures we must start by trying to determine the Biblical meaning of Sons of God. The following is a list of all references to the Sons of God in the KJV version of the Bible.

Genesis_6:2 That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.

Genesis_6:4 There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.

Job_1:6 Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them.

Job_2:1 Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD.

Job_ Job 38:4 through 7 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?

John_1:12 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:

Romans_8:14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.

Romans_8:19 For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God.

Philippians_2:15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;

1John_3:1 Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not.

1John_3:2 Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.

Matthew_12:50 For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.

Mark_3:35 For whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is my brother, and my sister, and mother.

If we take a long look at these in relationship to the others we find the following references to what characteristics are displayed by Sons of God.

The sons of God saw the daughters of men.
The sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them.
Some sons of God were present at creation.
After the crucifixion more were added to the ranks of the sons of God.
Jesus had the power to make more sons of God.
God himself through His great love has graciously allowed us to become sons of God.

Since there were sons of God present before creation, that reference must be speaking of Spiritual beings and not the humans. Since we have determined that Sons of God is in reference to Spirit; we now must take a longer look at John 1_12. John makes specific reference to those who have accepted and believe. In other words those who are destined to go to Heaven.

Revelation 7:9 through 12 After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands; And cried with a loud voice, saying, Salvation to our God which sitteth upon the throne, and unto the Lamb. And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshipped God, Saying, Amen: Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power, and might, be unto our God for ever and ever. Amen.

In Revelation 7_9 through 12 we find that Jesus is the final judge as to who will go to Heaven, and those destined to be cast out into never ending darkness.

Revelation 20:11 and 12 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.

Again here we see that those being judged are those who are physically dead, that rules out any physical characteristics leaving only the Spiritual. The only difference between those being judged is whether or not they are believers of Christ as their salvation and those who do not.

Since we know that the soul is a creation:

Genesis 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

In all of God’s creation mankind is a peculiar creation in that God instilled in mankind the ability to transfer the breath of life into his progeny as indicated by his command to Adam and Eve;

Genesis 1:27 and 28 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.

There we see that decreed all future generations would possess the breath of life; and that procreation was inherent only to His creation of fish, animals and specifically those created in His image. When God created all things including The Heavens and the Earth that was after he had created The Angels including Lucifer, and of those creations He did not give the power of procreation. Therefore; Lucifer (Satan) and the fallen angels’ were not given the power of procreation. They were a distinct creation of God in the Spiritual realm. God knowing all things would certainly know that if the Angels could procreate that it would ensure future generations of the rebellious Angels. This would be an untenable result from His standpoint. God is gracious, but it appears that his purpose in Creating mankind in His image was to give mankind the ability to choose between good and evil and unlike the Angels we can repent from our evil ways and secure an eternity in God’s presence.

I hope that these Scriptures and comments will be helpful in understanding why Spirits are unable to regenerate.

BYE 13241

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I quote from the Summa Theologiae: Article 3. Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed?

"Objection 6. Further, to beget offspring is a vital act. But this has befallen the angels in their assumed bodies; for it is related: "After the sons of God went in to the daughters of men, and they brought forth children, these are the mighty men of old, men of renown" (Genesis 6:4). Consequently the angels exercised vital functions in their assumed bodies."

"Reply to Objection 6. As Augustine says (De Civ. Dei xv): "Many persons affirm that they have had the experience, or have heard from such as have experienced it, that the Satyrs and Fauns, whom the common folk call incubi, have often presented themselves before women, and have sought and procured intercourse with them. Hence it is folly to deny it. But God's holy angels could not fall in such fashion before the deluge. Hence by the sons of God are to be understood the sons of Seth, who were good; while by the daughters of men the Scripture designates those who sprang from the race of Cain. Nor is it to be wondered at that giants should be born of them; for they were not all giants, albeit there were many more before than after the deluge." Still if some are occasionally begotten from demons, it is not from the seed of such demons, nor from their assumed bodies, but from the seed of men taken for the purpose; as when the demon assumes first the form of a woman, and afterwards of a man; just as they take the seed of other things for other generating purposes, as Augustine says (De Trin. ii.), so that the person born is not the child of a demon, but of a man." http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1051.htm#article3

Hank 402

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Jesus gave a plain and straightforward answer that should settle this question.

“Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God. For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven.” (Matthew 22:29–30, KJV 1900)

The correct way to interpret the Bible is to let the Bible interpret itself. This verse is plain and straightforward and says that there is no marriage in heaven among the angels. This rules out the possibilities of having intercourse or children as according to the Bible and God's laws, having a sexual relationship outside marriage is sin. Thus the angels of heaven do not marry or have children.

As Lucifer and the fallen angels are angels by nature, they also should follow the same rule - they do not marry nor can have children.

As for the "Sons of God" of Genesis 6, the explanation is simple:

“Which was the son of Enos, which was the son of Seth, which was the son of Adam, which was the son of God.” (Luke 3:38, KJV 1900)

“Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? Or who laid the corner stone thereof; When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy?” (Job 38:6–7, KJV 1900)

We have 2 instances:

Adam is called the son of God
The morning stars are called the sons of God

Comparing these 2 instances it is very simple to understand that everyone directly created by God is called "Son / Daughter of God".

Now, when Adam rebelled against God, the Bible gives a beautiful view as to what happened to man.

At Creation:

“And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness...” (Genesis 1:26, KJV 1900)

Man was made in the image of God after the likeness of God. In other words, the nature of man was in one accord with God's nature, in the likeness of God's holy nature. Man was made perfect and holy without sin or carnal nature.

After sin:

“Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.” (Romans 8:7, KJV 1900)

After sin the nature of man became fallen.

Now when Adam had children:

“And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:” (Genesis 5:3, KJV 1900)

Adam's son was in Adam's likeness and image. In other words, carnal Adam begat a carnal Seth. It follows that Cain and Abel were also of a similar nature as Adam did not have any children before sin.

But God promised Adam that Adam would be able to hate (enmity against the serpent) the carnal nature which would mean that man would have God's nature as carnal nature has enmity against God (Rom 8:7 above).

“And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.” (Genesis 3:15, KJV 1900)

So rebirth or born again experience was promised Adam. And those who are born again are called "Sons of God"

“But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.” (John 1:12–13, KJV 1900)

So, when the carnal man was born of God (born again experience - See John 3:3-5 for more details), he is called "Son of God".

In contrast those who are not born again are called "children of men - daughters of man".

Now if you read the 6^th chapter of Genesis, it becomes clear. The children of God, those who were of the line of Seth who had been taught to revere and love God, having had the rebirth experience, saw that the daughters of men (i.e. daughters of people who reveled in carnal nature - a great example would be the line of Cain) were beautiful and married them.

Why were the progeny different than the others? Why were the Nephilim different? It was because of genetic recombination. For several generations the line of Seth had remained faithful and thus separate from Cain's descendants. But at length, because of the physical beauty, they started intermarrying. Due to the gap of several generations (remember the people before flood lived nearly 1000 years, so its possible to see 7 to 8 generation descendants) and multiple recombination cycles that happen during reproduction, the genetic make up of these two lines would have been distinctly different (isolated population).

This is similar to Darwin's observation in the Galapagos where the same species "finches" had widely differing attributes due to genetic recombination and isolation. When such isolated population are mated, the offspring can have surprisingly differing attributes. They might have greater vigor, more variation and unpredictable changes due to varying alleles that come together.

This is why they were stronger - simply due to several generations of isolation followed by mating. This would be the natural result. They were called by a distinct name because they would have been of a different nature. Father was Godly while mother was worldly. The children would have been neither fully worldly nor fully Godly. They would have been the first "Laodecians" - Lukewarm people.

tldr:

Angels can't marry or have children
Sons of God of Genesis 6 are the children of Adam who had been born again (John 1:12)
Daughters of Man of Genesis 6 are the children of Adam who had not been born again (majority being the children of Cain)

Edit 1: Were the children of Seth Godly? There is no direct text that says all the children of Seth were Godly. But there are multiple references with which any honest reader could conclude that the children of Seth were mostly Godly.

Gen 4:26 And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD.

Gen 5:22 And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

Gen 5:28,29 And Lamech lived an hundred eighty and two years, and begat a son:And he called his name Noah, saying, This same shall comfort us concerning our work and toil of our hands, because of the ground which the LORD hath cursed.

Gen 6:8 But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.

Of the 10 generations from Adam to Noah, we find record of Enos calling on the name of the Lord, Enoch walking with God, Lamech naming his son after the name of the Lord and Noah finding grace in the eyes of the Lord.

Thus many of the line of Seth were Godly

_{Reading a little bit more about genetic isolation and how it affects the body (phenotype) can be greatly helpful in understanding Genesis 6. A great start would be here: Darwin's Finches}