What is the difference between an apostle and a missionary according to Pentecostal & Charismatic Christianity?
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I think it is best to frame the answer along the lines of the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement, a Pentecostal movement pioneered in part by missionary then professor of Church Growth at Fuller C. Peter Wagner then founder of several church networks adopting Fivefold ministry view in which the offices of the Apostles and the Prophets are restored for today (unlike in other churches where there are no more offices for Apostles and Prophets today, just Evangelists, Pastors, and Teachers).
It is important to notice key differences between the older Pentecostal movement and what Wagner himself named New Apostolic Reformation (NAR), which specifically calls "for the restoration of the lost offices of church governance, namely the offices of prophet and apostle." The differences are summarized by a Christianity FAQ web article Pentecostal vs New Apostolic Reformation: What's the Difference?.
Background resources about Fivefold Ministry
- A Pentecostal description of fivefold ministry from Pentecostal angle: Pentecostal Perspective: Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Pastors and Teachers.
- Another Pentecostal description of Apostles & Prophets contrasting them with non-Pentecostal churches.
- Dr. Michael L Williams article (non-Pentecostal) explaining each part of the fivefold ministry: What is a Fivefold Ministry
- A description of the Fivefold Ministry (third wave Charismatics?) with links to a sermon by Eric Knopf for each role, with accompanying online test (paper version here) created by Eric Knopf of Epic Life (a non-profit organization, but not a church, maybe a parachurch). The description is a creative re-branding based on a 2012 book Creating a Missional Culture: Equipping the Church for the Sake of the World by JR Woodward, a third-wave Charismatic.
- The wikipedia article on the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement has a list of current networks of churches which hold this view.
- A 2017 Christianity Today article The 'Prophets' and 'Apostles' Leading the Quiet Revolution in American Religion, a sociological analysis.
(to be continued)
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