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Before I begin I'd like to restate from the other answer that the phrase "Great Tribulation" is not used in Mormon terminology/teachings and LDS teachings most closely align with post-tribulationist. That is Mormon's believe in a chronology that is along the lines of tribulation, second coming, Millenium, and then the last judgement. I will not go into great detail as most of this is covered in LDS manuals and covers several chapters, feel free to look at the referenced manuals if you want more detail.
- What physical events do Mormons believe will happen before or during the Great Tribulation?
Signs of the Second coming1
Second Coming2
Millenium3
Final Judgement4
- In what sense will it be a "Great Tribulation" - is this mostly symbolic or are there spiritual or physical (e.g. economical) reasons that warrant the label "Great Tribulation"?
Because this isn't Mormon terminology it is hard to get a specific answer but based on the previous answer (above) there are spiritual and physical reasons that would warrant the label "Great Tribulation".
- Do Mormons have any official beliefs on how long the Great Tribulation is expected to last?
No. We have to measure when the first sign of the Jesus' Second Coming is to the Second coming (no specific time period), plus 1,000 year Millenium, and then Final Judgement (again no specific time period). So at least 1,000 years.
1 https://www.lds.org/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-43-signs-of-the-second-coming?lang=eng
2 https://www.lds.org/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-44-the-second-coming-of-jesus-christ?lang=eng
3 https://www.lds.org/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-45-the-millennium?lang=eng
4 https://www.lds.org/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-46-the-final-judgment?lang=eng