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This is the footnote to Gn 49:1 (RSVCE).
a. 49.1-27 In their present form these βOracles of Jacob,β blessings pronounced upon his sons as epitomizing the twelve tribes, date from the period of the early monarchy.
Therefore seen as oracles, they are prophetic pronouncements of what is to become of the tribes with the sons themselves having played a part in their fate.