AN 4.197 - do the Pali words "āgacchati" and "paccājāyati" mean "reborn"?
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do the Pali words “āgacchati” and “paccājāyati” mean “reborn”?
The PTS dictionary translates "paccājāyati" as "reborn". Apparently that's the prefix Pati -- which has many meanings (or usages), including "a second time"; and Jayati which is translated "to be born, to be produced, to arise, to be reborn".
Jati is one of the 12 nidanas, see SN 12.2.
The translation is consistent with the previous phrase, as there are two definitions (or shades of meaning) for "cuta":
- moved or fallen (from one ’s place); (who has) fallen away; who has abandoned (the holy life)
- (who has) fallen from one state of existence (to another); who has died; ceased, come to an end
If you wanted to say "No it's not that, instead it's talking about moment-to-moment becoming", then perhaps that's a false dichotomy, i.e. that it may mean both -- see for example What's the value or harm of a literal belief in rebirth?
I think the topic is pretty close to being a thicket. But I suppose it isn't controversial, that it does or may refer to successive moments in (conventionally) "one person's life".
I think the point of the sutta isn't to teach that rebirth and/or successive states of existence exist -- what it does is warn Queen Mallikā against (unfortunate consequences of) anger and ungenerosity. It also redirects her rather conceited or vain question, to topics of inner mind (non-anger) and important social relations.
Why are two different words used for "reborn" in AN 8.29
It's a similar word (i.e. based on Jati) with a different prefix -- Upa instead of Pati.
A convenient summary of Pati is here, showing meanings including "for a second time" and "in contrast to".
Conversely perhaps "Upa" defined here means under or above.
So "upapannā" could mean "entering or being [re]born in a higher or lower realm for the first time", whereas "paccājāto" is about being born "again" in the human realm.
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