Does studying mathematics or science lead to a practitioner of Buddhism acquiring wrong philosophical views and mental afflictions?

To be short and to the point, no. It is my understanding that Pure Desire is the absolute teaching of Buddhism. So, as long as you don't get the feeling that you must due to the desire, you should still reach nirvana based on this issue.

I think wrong learning is always problematic and likewise wrong convictions.

The scientific method of doing experiments for discovery & faĺsification is really a general modus of reasoning & acquisition of knowledge.

It is said that a mathematician's greatest weapon is proof by contradiction and to me he doesn't really care what it is he proves.

Mathematics to me is about putting aside one's delusion and just following wisdom.

Ie At some point nobody knew how to count a negative multiplied by a negative and would speculate about it until someone actually set up an equation and saw the relations & the answer with intellect.

To me the Bodhisatta likewise developed wholesome lines of reasoning until these came together to paint a perfect picture of the elements & their conditional relations; he saw that 5 aggregates are not self, he saw that 4 aggregates have objects & are conjoined, he saw that the element which is called mind consciousness or intellect arises as one thing & ceases as another.

To me science isn't about views but rather truth & falsification of dumb ideas.

To me Buddhism was most impressive because i saw that the Buddha knew things which i've been told he weren't supposed to know, things that are recent scientific discovery & theory.

It is just very impressive because at that point him knowing these things is basically a scientific miracle which a person trained in those disciplines can recognize as such.

Mathematics, science, logic fall to the field of perception. If you conceptualize things and hold on to them as reality then this can be a hindrance.

You have to try to see things as they are without the clouding of perception.

Initially perceptions will be strong, but when perceptions arise you should try to be equanimous without clinging or reacting to the sensations associated with the perception and it's trigger. With this your perception weakens, and ultimately when you realize some form of sainthood, it ceases momentarily.

The world is full of ideas. The ideas themselves do not cause wrong view. The solution is not ignorance. Opening one's mind to them, or education, is the opposite of ignorance. The Mind and Life Institute is a living example of doing so by one of Buddhism's most advanced practitioners - the Dalai Lama.

The Right View of the Dhamma is only related to spiritual liberation i.e. the permanent cessation of suffering. Wrong Views are views that contradict Right View e.g. eternalism, annihilationism etc.

Science and mathematics are neither Wrong View nor Right View. They are simply worldly knowledge unrelated to spiritual liberation.

Lay people are taught to practise the Five Precepts and maintain livelihood in accordance with Right Livelihood for lay persons as taught in AN 5.177. In the sutta quote below, we see the Buddha praising the lay characteristic of being consummate in initiative, for mastering and practising worldly crafts. Lay persons need it for their livelihood.

So, science, mathematics and other worldly knowledge are not wrong view. But of course, any kind of exertion in worldly endeavors can lead one to strengthen their sensual cravings and cravings to become something.

[The Blessed One said:] "There are these four qualities, TigerPaw, that lead to a lay person's happiness and well-being in this life. Which four? Being consummate in initiative, being consummate in vigilance, admirable friendship, and maintaining one's livelihood in tune.

"And what does it mean to be consummate in initiative? There is the case where a lay person, by whatever occupation he makes his living — whether by farming or trading or cattle tending or archery or as a king's man or by any other craft — is clever and untiring at it, endowed with discrimination in its techniques, enough to arrange and carry it out. This is called being consummate in initiative.
AN 8.54

If you are a Tantric Buddhist, you could use Mathematics and Science AS a path to enlightenment.

Also, the word 'wrong' is not relative to some 'right' which is known to Buddhists. The Eightfold path is a conjecture that "seems to work ok", but the Buddha himself said there were innumerable paths besides it.

So, this question could be answered in many ways, from many different viewpoints. It all depends on how you have decided to practice.

Buddhism is too large a viewpoint to answer this question.. you need to narrow it to what vehicle, and even flavor, of Buddhism as it is practiced in the world to get a meaningful answer.

EDIT: It seems that many here are pointing out that studying a difficult subject outside of Buddhism can lead to pride or distraction or attachment. I agree.

The broad point I am trying to make is that this is not any different than being prideful in anything, and does not in itself constitute a danger to your path, any more than being prideful in your appearance, strength, or taste in wine would be. In this way, there is no difference between Math and Literature, or between Physics and Dharma Studies. Thus, I maintain that there is no area of knowledge that will lead you to being more prone to pride, as long as you maintain your path while learning it.

Study of mathematics or science in and of itself is orthogonal to practice of Buddha-Dharma. But a side effect of study can often be a sense of pride based on the false conviction that one now knows everything there is to know about the way the world operates. This could be a serious barrier for entry into Buddhism and a source of misinterpretation of what Buddhism is actually about.