Upvote:1
For the UK, if you have a Canadian resident permit issued after June 28, 2002 you do not need a visa for transit, otherwise, you have to apply for a Direct Airside Transit Visa (DATV)
Exemptions
You donβt need a visa if you have one of the following:
a resident permit issued by Canada after 28 June 2002
For Frankfurt please refer to this question.