How does a Working-Holiday visa in Germany affect existing tourist 90/180 Schengen days?

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My reading of the Schengen codes is that (1) is correct.

The second conclusion is clearly incorrect as the restriction is expressed in the Schengen Borders Code thus (from Article 6, section 2):

Periods of stay authorised under a residence permit or a long-stay visa shall not be taken into account in the calculation of the duration of stay on the territory of the Member States.

There's no way anyone could interpret the 15 days you've already spent in Germany as having been authorized under the visa or permit you received today.

The third conclusion is also nowhere to be found in the code itself.

The most reasonable interpretation of the quoted text is that any days you spend in Germany during the validity of your permit are excluded from the calculation, and this leads to the first conclusion.

One might argue that the phrase "periods of stay authorised under a residence permit or a long-stay visa" includes time spent in Schengen countries other than the one issuing the visa, but this leads to a result that is clearly not intended by the text of the code, namely that a residence permit from one Schengen country allows its bearer to spend the entire period of its validity in another Schengen country. This leads to the conclusion that the phrase only denotes periods of stay in the issuing country. I don't know whether any court has ruled on this question, however.

Because there is no systematic enforcement of the 90/180 rule for people with long-stay visas or residence permits, you're unlikely to have any trouble if you spend more than 5 days in other Schengen countries. Most likely, problems would arise only if you fall afoul of the police for some reason.

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