Upvote:2
If we reconstruct the ECO's logic...
You have have a friend in the UK who wants to sponsor you for a visit. Your friend's evidence was so light and missing so many pieces that the ECO discounted it as unacceptable (letting that happen was a mistake). So the only evidence left for the ECO to consider was your evidence, which he duly considered and concluded that a trip to the UK on your income was disproportionate (V 4.2 (e)). He doubts your friend's sincerity and thinks you will try to go underground in the UK (V 4.2 (a)). He was lenient because he could have thrown 4.2 (c) in for icing on the cake, but did not.
This sort of thing will happen when a person cannot afford to travel from their own resources and relies upon a sponsor who does not provide what they need to see. It also happens when the ECO doesn't understand why a sponsor is offering to sponsor somebody.
You can make a fresh application, but it's advisable to have your friend download and read the guidance about what they want to see. Your friend needs to send on your behalf everything that a bona fide applicant would send. If you are planning to use your friend's place for accommodation, they should additionally include a landlord's consent (or the relevant text in the tenancy agreement).
For some reason Ghanaian applicants always seem to start with two strikes so your next application should reflect diligence. If there's an evidential shortfall, it's best to wait and apply at a more promising time.