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Does the UK visa application require me to furnish my outbound plans at the time of application?
Yes, however for a Standard Visitor visa you are not required to show travel bookings.
You’ll need to provide the following information in your online application:
the dates you’re planning to travel to the UK
where you’ll be staying during your visit
how much you think your trip will cost
Source: https://www.gov.uk/standard-visitor/apply-standard-visitor-visa
The guidance on documents you should not use as evidence includes:
In your other question you mention in a comment that you plan to stay two weeks in the UK. If a round trip from your country of residence to the UK is credible, you can show you have the means to pay for it, and a compelling reason to leave at the end of the visit (job, family ties etc) I don’t see any reason why you cannot present that plan to the UK. They don’t care where you leave to, only that you will leave.
If I am going to a third country from the UK, do I need a visa of that country?
Yes if if you’ll be going through UK border control but leaving the UK within 48 hours.
Source: https://www.gov.uk/transit-visa