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TL;DR - they are the days when government support payments are made. They're in the calendar presumably for budgeting purposes.
Pension Day
The most common types of pension payments are age pensions -
The Age Pension is designed to provide income support to older Australians who need it, while encouraging pensioners to maximise their overall incomes. The Age Pension is paid to people who meet age and residency requirements, subject to a means test. Pension rates are indexed to ensure they keep pace with Australian price and wage increases.
https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/seniors/benefits-payments/age-pension
... and disability support pensions -
Financial support for people who have a physical, intellectual, or psychiatric condition that stops them from working or who are permanently blind.
http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/disability-support-pension
Family Payment Day
We provide a range of payments and services that help you look after your childrenβs education and health care, and any family issues that may come up along the way.
http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/subjects/payments-for-families
Upvote:3
Those are the days that the government deposits into your account either your retirement pension money or money due you to help support your children. The latter has income, residency, and other requirements.