score:4
TAQSA offer connections by luxury coach:
These are departure times:
El Calafate Bariloche 15:30:00 MARGA SA
El Calafate Bariloche R40 17:15:00 MARGA SA
El Chalten Bariloche R40 20:05:00 MARGA SA
They claim punctuality in departure and arrival (it seems that 'on time' arrival may be being guaranteed by not showing scheduled arrival times) but the expedition's duration is about 25 hours from El Calafate (Google Maps has it as a 16-3/4hr drive - almost 1,500 km). A bit less from El Chalten, which is en route.
The site's option to switch to English seems not to work for the Home page but does for others. Some details may only be available once a user has signed up (required to actually book a ticket).
As it seems you have found, a one-way car hire may not be available.
I do not have experience of the journey (never have liked coach trips) and visited Bariloche only by car, and from BA.
P.S. Rome2Rio has the price in the range $1,300 - $1,900 ARS.