Upvote:5
Transits through airports in countries that are on the list of bans for entry into the US count as physical presence there, so no, a non-exempt non-US citizen cannot currently travel to the US via Frankfurt or any other airport in the Schengen Area (and other countries similarly banned).
The US Embassy in the Hague wrote:
Travelers with a U.S. #visa or valid #ESTA who are outside the EU are not permitted to #transit Schengen Area airports on their way to the U.S. Transiting the #Schengen Area subjects travelers to travel restrictions regardless of where their journey began.