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Timatic (the database used by airlines to show a county's entry requirements, and thus by extension whether the airline will allow you to board the flight) says you may enter Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France, visa-free with a German passport, or specific other German documents. Here's a copy-and-paste:
/ 18FEB19 / 1725 UTC
National Germany (DE) Destination French West Indies (GP)
French West Indies (GP)
Passport required. - Passports and other documents accepted for entry must be valid for the period of intended stay.
Passport Exemptions:
Nationals of Germany with a national ID card.
Nationals of Germany with a temporary passport.
VISA NOT REQUIRED.
Upvote:0
https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F10610
Finally got an answer on an official site - here is this stated, 20th of February 2019:
Si vous êtes européen, vous pouvez entrer et séjourner jusqu'à 3 mois en France (y compris outre-mer) sans formalité particulière.
Vous devez simplement vous munir d'un passeport ou d'un titre d'identité en cours de validité, en cas de contrôle d'identité sur le territoire.
La possession d'un de ces 2 documents vous permet de séjourner librement en France.
Roughly translated:
If you are european, you can travel in/enter france for up to 3 (three) months (including overseas) without doing any paperwork.
There is just an ID or a passport needed to identify yourself (in France).
If you have one of both (ID or Passport) you are allowed to travel freely in france
Upvote:0
Guadeloupe (like France's other overseas départements: Martinique, French Guiana, Mayotte, Réunion) is in the European Union. Therefore the EU freedom of movement rules apply: as an EU (and more generally EEA) national, you can visit for a short time, and you can settle if you're economically self-sufficient (to summarize the rules at a very high level). An EEA national id card is sufficient to prove that you are an EEA national.
This does not automatically apply to France's other overseas territories, which are not in the EU. However, I think the (populated) French territories all at least allow EEA nationals to visit with a national ID — but you'll probably need a passport to get there from Europe anyway.
For non EU/EEA nationals, a Schengen visa does not in general allow visiting Guadeloupe (and vice versa). Visa exemption rules are also different in different overseas départements and territories.