Do some Schengen area countries share entry-exit data with the United States automatically?

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Based on technical possibilities and organizational practice, the explanation can't be true. There is no electronical register containing information about wether an EU/EEA/Schengen country citizen is currently within or outside the Schengen area, nor is a such register planned, nor would it be possible to keep such a register up to date the way border control is currently performed.

The planned EES register will only contain entry and exit records for third country citizens (non EU/EEA/Schengen).

Practice differs a bit from country to country, but passports of EU/EEA/Schengen country citizens are not necessarily electronically scanned at all when the bearer crosses an external Schengen border. Especially when leaving the Schengen area at a land border, my experience is that my passport is usually only visually verified and not electronically scanned.

The suggestion for EU/EEA/Schengen citizens to request a stamp when leaving the Schengen area is moot, as these passports must not be stamped even upon request. This is not quite clearly stated in the Schengen Border Code, but explained in the 'Practical Handbook for Border Guards', section 6.2 a).

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