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The common Schengen Type C visa (short-term visit) is intended for stays of up to 90 days in any 180 day period. The activity proposed lasts longer than that so is clearly not eligible for a C visa. That only leaves Type A (Airport Transit visa) and Type B (Transit visa), which clearly would not suit, and Type D (a national visa).
Queries regarding Type D (for longer-term) are generally a matter for Expatriates rather than Travel.