Were travelling judges paid in medieval England?
Upvote:2
From The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Chapter 5, V.1.56
Afterwards they universally found it convenient to delegate it to some substitute, bailiff, or judge. This substitute, however, was still obliged to account to his principal or constituent for the profits of the jurisdiction. Whoever reads the instructions which were given to the judges of the circuit in the time of Henry II. will see clearly that those judges were a sort of itinerant factors, sent round the country for the purpose of levying certain branches of the king's revenue. In those days the administration of justice not only afforded a certain revenue to the sovereign, but to procure this revenue seems to have been one of the principal advantages which he proposed to obtain by the administration of justice.
I believe that this, and some other things he says in that chapter, answer your 1st question. He goes on to explain that these judges were actually collectors of money and goods and legal fees for the king.
This scheme of making the administration of justice subservient to the purposes of revenue could scarce fail to be productive of several very gross abuses. The person who applied for justice with a large present in his hand was likely to get something more than justice; while he who applied for it with a small one was likely to get something less.
To answer your second question, in addition to the "abuses" mentioned above, he also discusses various ways the judges and sovereign could be corrupted.
For your third question, I believe the book does mention some fringe benefits (at least rank and prestige) that judges and bailiffs might receive, but I couldn't find it.
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