What is the earliest recorded example of an extradition treaty or law?
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I can find no references to an extradition treaty earlier than the Egypt/Hittite one that you mention. A number of sources beyond Wikipedia describe it as the most ancient.
As an example:
Kai I. Rebane in their Extradition and Individual Rights: The Need for an International Criminal Court to Safeguard Individual Rights published by Fordham International Law Journal in 1995 states:
The Roots of Extradition
The practice of extradition originated in the ancient middle- and far-eastern civilizations as a matter of courtesy and good will between sovereigns. The earliest recorded extradition treaty dates to 1280 B.C., between Ramses II, the Pharaoh of Egypt, and King Hattusli III of the Hittites, and provided for the mutual return of criminals. The first, similar provision appeared in western Europe in 1174 A.D., between Henry II of England and William the Lion, King of Scotland. Over the following centuries, however, extradition remained an ad hoc arrangement between sovereigns, performed as a need arose. During the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the Chinese Qing State extradited criminals from neighboring Korea, Vietnam, and Burma on the basis of reciprocity. The Chinese authorities extended their control over the rendition process by instructing the returned individual's government as to the proper method of punishment.
Emphasis mine.
Kabine in turn cites Imperial China's Border Control Law by R. Randle Edwards to which I do not have access.
Based on this citation it seems unlikely the the Chinese extraditions were older than the Egyptian ones.
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