How were the British and French Mandates in the Levantine area involved in WWII?

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As far as Israel/Palestine goes: check out this, the allied and axis section in this.

As far as the Jews go, These guys fought for the British, lehi and irgun fought against. Basically the balance between resistance against British occupiers (and their white paper, limits on Jewish immigration etc) and the war against Germany produced mixed results in the Jewish communities.

As far as the Arabs go, the Nazis did make attempts to get the them on side (see the links) and many Arabs saw a German victory as a way of securing Palestine for the Arabs. But they had limited success, indeed maybe Palestinian Arabs fought for the British during the war.

For the other countries check this out: this for the pro-axis rebellion in Iraq and this for the Syria Lebanon campaign against Vichy French forces.

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After the invasion of Poland in 1939, but prior to the invasion of France in 1940 there was a joint Anglo-French plan to launch bombing raids against oil fields in Baku and Romania. These plans were stymied by Turkish opposition to overflights.

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Annexation of Hatay to Turkey in 1939
In June 1939, the French helped facilitate the annexation of the Hatay Province (containing the cities of Antioch and Alexandretta) by Turkey, against opposition from Syria, in the hope that this would improve the chances of Turkey supporting the Allies should a war break out in Europe. The change is still disputed by Syria to this day.


Al Jeish al Arabi (Arab Legion)
The Arab Legion, formed by the British in Transjordan in 1923 by recruiting Arabs who had served in the Ottoman Army, was expanded during the Second World War to a strength of around 1,600 men and was regarded as the "best trained Arab army". It fought creditably in the British campaigns in both Iraq and Syria in 1941.


German interference
For information on the involvement of the German AuswΓ€rtiges Amt (Foreign Office), Abwehr (Intelligence), and Brandenburgers (Special Forces), the following sources might be useful:

The Third Reich and the Arab East, by Łukasz Hirszowicz

The Third Reich and the Palestine Question, by William Helmreich

The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II, by Franz Kurowski

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