How did the British Army unit size and structure in WWI change from 1915 to 1918?

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  • The British introduced conscription in 1916, prior to that enlistees could choose which regiment or corps to join. Certain Regiments could trace their history back hundreds of years and typically drew from geographic parts of the country. After conscription in 1916 they were placed where they were needed not where they chose to serve.

  • In 1914 an infantry brigade contained 4 battalions. In 1918 due to the inability of the army to replace heavy losses the number of battalions was reduced to 3 for 1 infantry brigade.

  • The structure of a division varied throughout the war and its strength could fluctuate drastically if it had been heavily engaged.

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Appendices A and B of The Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War show that the divisions of the Canadian Corps were composed of three infantry brigades, plus divisional artillery and headquarters sections, throughout their deployment in France. In turn, these brigades were each composed of 4 battalions throughout their deployments.

The Canadian Corps was organized in a manner consistent with practice throughout the remainder of the British Army, including battalion structure at an establishment of 1007 men including 30 officers.

Substantive changes through the period of the war seem to have been solely in the allocation of support units such as artillery and other heavy weapons such as machine guns sections.

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