When has serious unemployment among educated young populations not led to revolution or war?
Upvote:1
The examples from history we have are revolutions against autocratic regimes, monarchies. This is the reason why there should be concern about China. In China very little protest is allowed and the people have little control over who is in power. The Muslim Brotherhood was founded by college students when education was reformed in that nation, as well. It is now very influential in the region, which has seen some peaceful and some violent revolutions. I don't think there is an example of a violent revolution led by college students against a liberal democracy in Europe. There have been peaceful "revolutions" such as the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, although that is not the only example. Iceland might also be considered a peaceful "revolution." In other words, protest is often a useful outlet for unemployed youth in liberal democracies, rather than violent revolution, because they can effectively change their government through this means.
Upvote:1
Looking at China, we can see several "revolutions" (or attempts at them) by students.
First of course and foremost the "Cultural Revolution" in which Mao's government used the student population brilliantly to execute their own plans, at the same time diverting the restlessness of that student body which could easily have ended up toppling them instead.
Then there's the attempted revolution/uprising that led to the PLA sending tanks against protestors in Beijing in the 1980s, which was also largely driven by educated, disgruntled, people.
Now of course the government just ships them off to the "free economic zones" where they're effectively exiled and can do no harm while they run companies that are for all purposes government owned, so once again makes good use of them while keeping them under control and away from places they can cause trouble.
Upvote:4
Australia 1975-2014 (ongoing). Wendy Lowensteins' Weevils at Work is good on this. The protest movement of the 1970s and 1980s was effectively controlled by the early 1990s and massive youth non-waged employment1 has been controlled through the Universities, TAFE and unemployment systems.
1: This seems to me to be the key indicator of actual unemployment, particularly given the way the ABS has been instructed to declare the unemployed statistic as excluding non-labour force participants, and excluding people with as little as a single hour a fourtnight of training or employment.
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