Is Benedict XVI the first pope emeritus?

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No, he is absolutely not the first to resign. There has been several resignations in Papal history, not all of which are undisputed or voluntary, though admittedly none in recent centuries. Some examples include:

Benedict IX, resigned in 1045.
Gregory VI, resigned in 1046.
Celestine V, resigned in 1294.

Celestine V in particular laid down the canon law basis for popes to abdicate. The current provisions are provided in contained in Canon 332 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.

All previous popes who had resigned or abdicated their positions may be justifiably referred to as "pope emeritus", which basically just means "retired pope". In this sense, Benedict XVI is definitely not the first, either.

However, Benedict XVI does seem to be the first to be officially styled "Pope Emeritus".

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Source: stackoverflow.com

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