Was slavery abolished in the Kingdom of Hungary, and if so, when?
score:5
As far as i could find out, the first time slavery was officially abolished in Hungary was in 1852 with the introduction of the "Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch" (ABGB / General civil code), which explicitly forbid slavery and serfdom. The civil code was introduced to the Habsburg crownlands in 1812 and introduced in Hungary from 1852 (in the wake of the "New Year's Eve patent"/Silvesterpatent of 1851) to 1861. Serfdom alone was already temporarily de jure abolished through the Hungarian revolution of 1848. It's not clear to me whether this would also include slavery.
See e.g.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeines_b%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch
Regarding slavery in the medieval kingdom of Hungary, I found a source in a book by Lajos Tardy, translated into German by Esterházy named "Sklavenhandel in der Tartarei" from 1983. It describes slavery in the Crimea and Tartary, while giving context regarding Hungary and Hungarian slaves until the 1470s. Because I could not find an English translation, the following summary is translated by myself:
According to Tardy, taking and selling slaves (to Byzantine Merchants in Kerch) was common for the Magyars (p.82). Following the settlement of the Magyars on the Hungarian plain, enslavement of local Slavs was likewise common. Following on after the settlement and christianiazion of Hungary, a distinction was made between christian and non-christian slaves (Jewish people were also considered somewhat protected following the Synod of Szabolcs). Tardy quotes Simon Kézai, a Hungarian chronicler of the 13th century who wrote, that it was the right of every Hungarian to hold heathen slaves. The number of slaves in the 13th century rose further, as children of slaves were considered slaves, the court of law could force you into becoming a slave (e.g. for unpaid debts) or prisoners of war could become slaves (p. 85-86).
Especially Genoese and Venetian colonies and associated slavemarkets in the Crimea further boosted the slave-trade (in cooperation with the Golden Horde) at the end of the 13th century,and consequently the supply inside Hungary. Hungarians were themselves among some of the sold slave population. Much of the comparatively smaller overland trade between the Black Sea, northern Italy and other European markets also crossed Hungary. Until the collapse of the Italian colonies in the Black Sea (~1470), slavery continued with notable spikes e.g. following the Black Death (1348-52) and the associated labor shortages (p.102).
For an online source regarding Tardys book (in German), see e.g. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Sklavenhandel%20in%20der%20Tartarei%3A%20Die%20Frage%20der%20Mandscharen&publication_year=1983&author=Tardy%2CLajos
Following the conquests of the Ottomans, Hungarians often became slaves themselves, e.g. through the Devshirme child-levy. According to Wikipedia about one fifth of the population of the Empire were slaves in the 16th and 17th century.
More post
- 📝 How do we know that the Tiwanaku Empire actually existed as an empire
- 📝 Cult related law made in US
- 📝 Why did Gen. Lee (Civil War) surrender to the U.S?
- 📝 On the history of Jewish places of worship
- 📝 Is there actual debate over which country (Brazil or Portugal) is the successor state to the original Portugal?
- 📝 Before the advent of agriculture, was the whole world covered with forest?
- 📝 Cultural history of Saudi Arabian rulers' uniform beard style?
- 📝 Why does the name "England" hold no reference to the Saxons?
- 📝 Were there any tests or prerequisites for Blacks and Indians to be admitted to the University of Cape Town during Apartheid?
- 📝 Why was Salzburg called „Stadt der Lebensforschung“ by the Nazis?
- 📝 What is this medal ribbon? WAAF
- 📝 What is this "d-mac" device?
- 📝 In what respect could Italian Renaissance be considered a phase of romanticism?
- 📝 What were the demographics of the ancient Greek colonies of Cyprus (any population estimates from 500BCE to 1BCE will do)?
- 📝 What is the "bag on a stick" Hercules is holding in this picture?
- 📝 Were the commentaries and subcommentaries part of the Tang Code?
- 📝 Is the term Kaiser seen as offensive?
- 📝 Who cataloged the ships that visited Alta California?
- 📝 Why didn't Japan attack communist China in WW2?
- 📝 What were whale brains used for?
- 📝 How to translate runic text not knowing the origin?
- 📝 Has any other book in history been as "prescriptive" as Mein Kampf?
- 📝 Dunkirk little ships collection
- 📝 Why didn't Pakistan try to wrest Kashmir from India in 1962 but tried to do so in 1965?
- 📝 Can anyone identify this warship?
- 📝 Were there any pharaohs who believed in any of the Abrahamic religions?
- 📝 What were the native North American concepts of property rights and market exchange?
- 📝 Why were the ship names "Scharnhorst" and "Gneisenau" used together?
- 📝 Is the Cypress of Kashmar on display in Baghdad?
- 📝 Would a leader in a monarchy be able to hand their reign over to someone else?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 Was slavery abolished in the Kingdom of Hungary, and if so, when?
- 📝 How and when was the modern company ownership structure invented?
- 📝 When and why was the samurai class abolished?
- 📝 When was slavery abolished in Russia?
- 📝 When was the change from kalends, ides and nones to numbers
- 📝 Why was slavery profitable in the Southern colonies and not New England?
- 📝 When and where was the first time moveable bridge?
- 📝 How did slavery become permissible in the French West Indies when it was forbidden in France?
- 📝 When was the concept of the "border wall" between the United States and Mexico first proposed?
- 📝 When was King John of England given the name 'Dollheart', and who first used it?
- 📝 What did the Baltic Fleet do in Reval in 1904 and when was it there?
- 📝 When and what was the maximum extent of Nationalist China?
- 📝 When was the last time someone was condemned to slavery as a punishment in the United States?
- 📝 Why was Italy unified under the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia and not under a stronger state?
- 📝 How and when was the Temple of Trajan destroyed?
- 📝 Where and when was the shortest calendar day in history, due to DST and calendar changes, etc?
- 📝 When was the last moment that Dutch, German and Swiss German were the same language?
- 📝 When and where was the first naval gunnery school/college established?
- 📝 When and by whom was the Tirupati Tirumala temple in India built?
- 📝 Why in the 70s and 80s was the United Kingdom called Great Britain in the international naming conventions?
- 📝 Who conducted the first "straw poll" in U.S. election politics, and when was it conducted?
- 📝 When and why was the Shinkolobwe Mine flooded and re-opened?
- 📝 When and why was the 55th parallel established as an administrative boundary in Quebec?
- 📝 Was the Abolition of Slavery in the United States perceived and advertised as an effort to improve race relations or as an improvement to labour laws?
- 📝 How many men were lost on the USAT Arcata and was she loaded with troops when she was hit?
- 📝 Was the Missouri Compromise too arbitrary to stop spreading of slavery to the west and the north?
- 📝 When and where was the term "nigra" used and what was its relation to "nigger"?
- 📝 Was there a time when George Washington discovered some of his soldiers absolutely refused to swear loyalty and obedience to the Continental Congress?
- 📝 Was there a trade link between the medieval Hungarian Kingdom and the Mali Empire?
- 📝 When and how was West/East-German citizenship determined in the early years of post-war Germany?