When and how was West/East-German citizenship determined in the early years of post-war Germany?
score:6
Were they West-German citizens, or was Germany still in some kind of limbo-state where there was no difference between West/East-citizenship?
There was never a West-German citizenship.
Before 1913, citizenship was based on the provisions of the North German Confederation citizenship law of 1870.
Until 2000-01-01, German citizenship was based on the Reichs- und Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz of 1913, when the Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz (StAG) was then introduced.
Until 1934-02-05, German citizenship (first introduced in 1870) was based on the citizenship of a German federal state. (Similar in nature to the European Union citizenship today) The state citizenship was abolished and replaced with a single citizenship.
The first GDR constitution of 1949 (valid until 1968) recognised the uniform German citizenship.
A DDR (GDR, East German) citizenship was introduced in 1967.
At this point [1954], what citizenship would her parents and her have had?
German citizenship.
At what point would they have become East Germans
1967-02-20
Would Merkel and her family possibly have been able to easily move West again, because they were still West German citizens even after the GDR closed down
There was no general rule for this.
It is known that many people who (often for ideological reasons), even after 1961, had moved to East Germany were allowed to return if they became dissatisfied with the realities of everyday life.
and how would that have related to their being prevented from leaving the country?
After 1967, §13 StBüG allowed for the citizenship to be revoked for gross violation of civic duties.
This method was often used for the removal of antisozialistischer Elemente (anti-socialist elements). Wolf Biermann is a well known sample of how this was used even against the will of the person concerned.
So on 1967-02-20, every German citizen who had their primary residence in the territory of the GDR was from then on considered a citizen of the GDR by the GDR?
In German there are 2 different terms, which when translated into English often use the same word (Citizen).
The opposite page of the 1954 ID Card contains:
- Bürger der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
- Citizen of the German Democratic Republic
- für Deutsche Staatsangehörige
- for German Citizens
Did the FRG recognize this [GDR Citizenship] in any way
The Federal Republic never recognized it as a separate citizenship. They did recognized the issued documents (ID card or later passport), but treated them as German citizens.
or did they still claim them as citizens, too?
The Federal Republic recognized their right, based on Artical 116 of the Basic Law, to claim German citizenship.
This lead to the situation that after entering the Federal territory (West Germany), they could be issued a (West) German passport and travel on to other countries. To avoid problems when returning to East Germany, that passport could be returned/deposited for future use.
When did it become safe for Westerners to visit the East without risking being trapped there just like any Easterner would have been?
Until 1968-06-13 a passport was not required for for 'Westerners'. They traveled, where it was possible, with their ID cards (Personalausweis).
| 1953 ID (West) | 1954 ID (East), page 1 |
|---|---|
 |
 |
Due to the separate type of documents it was easy to determine who came from the West and who came from the East.
On 1968-06-13, the Passport and Visa requirement was introduced with the goal of treating people from Western Germany as foreigners.
| 1975 Visa in passport | 1954 ID (East), page 0 |
|---|---|
 |
 |
Sources:
- Reichs- und Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz (RuStAG) von 1913 (only in German)
- Staatsbürgerschaft der DDR – Wikipedia (StBüG) (only in German)
- since 1967-02-20
- Staatsbürgerschaft der DDR – Wikipedia (StBüG) (only in German)
- BVA - Staatsangehörigkeit - Historie der wichtigsten Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetze (in German)
More post
- 📝 Were women the property of men prior to 1919 in the UK?
- 📝 How accurate and detailed were geographical maps created and updated by the Romans?
- 📝 How did the triple entente manage such a large breakthrough in WW1?
- 📝 Napoleon's exploits in 1785
- 📝 Where can I find annual population estimates for each US state, from 1865-1899?
- 📝 What was the population of late Pre-Islamic Arabia and the population of Arabic speakers before Islam?
- 📝 Napoleon's role in serfdom abolition
- 📝 What was the role of state sacrifices and music in Ming China?
- 📝 Help me identify this pin?
- 📝 Were any French aristocrats guillotined facing up?
- 📝 When did households become electrified?
- 📝 What was a cistern to the Babylonians?
- 📝 Were there more than 4 River Valley Civilizations?
- 📝 Did Germany have treaties imposed upon it after WWII that mirrored the weight of the Treaty of Versailles?
- 📝 Map of/Measure of conflicted areas throughout history
- 📝 Why did Alexander the Great spare Porus's life?
- 📝 What is the difference between the Ancient Greek religion and the Ancient Roman religion?
- 📝 Nejd (Saudi Arabia) and the Arab Revolt
- 📝 In 1914 why didn't Germany simply mobilize its army without declaring war?
- 📝 What was the extent of Japanese control after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs and before surrender?
- 📝 Did Catherine of Aragon use the title Princess of Wales before she was married to Prince Arthur?
- 📝 How did Egyptian Pharaohs get their title?
- 📝 Were there plans to admit the Territory of New Mexico as a slave state?
- 📝 What's the difference between Country Born and Mulatto people in the 18th century New England?
- 📝 Why did the United States issue the Monroe Doctrine when it did?
- 📝 Were NC, IL, and VA's latest concurrent constitutions' effective dates coincidental?
- 📝 Was the United States meant to be a confederation of states?
- 📝 How did lecturers magnify their voice in the days before amplification?
- 📝 History of terrorist organizations designations/undesignations by Israel
- 📝 How many troops did the Confederate and Union army have in each year of the Civil War?
Source: stackoverflow.com
Search Posts
Related post
- 📝 When and how was West/East-German citizenship determined in the early years of post-war Germany?
- 📝 How and why was the boundary between West and East Berlin decided to be where it was?
- 📝 How and when was the modern company ownership structure invented?
- 📝 What East German laws and regulations were extended to the West after unification?
- 📝 What was the legal status of an East German once he had reached West Germany?
- 📝 How was security on the Silk Road between China and the West maintained?
- 📝 When and how did the West lose its dependency on the USSR for Titanium?
- 📝 How did slavery become permissible in the French West Indies when it was forbidden in France?
- 📝 How and when was the Temple of Trajan destroyed?
- 📝 How was the border between Vichy and German Occupied France decided?
- 📝 How was Enguerrand VII de Coucy able to keep his allegiance to both king of England and France during the Hundred Years War?
- 📝 When was the last moment that Dutch, German and Swiss German were the same language?
- 📝 How many men were lost on the USAT Arcata and was she loaded with troops when she was hit?
- 📝 When and how was the cairn structure in the "Sea of Galilee" covered in water?
- 📝 Was there ever a strategic concern about East German refusing to fight against West Germans (and vice versa) if the cold war had gone hot?
- 📝 How were the Burmese able to sack Ayutthaya when it was one of the wealthiest and most powerful cities in Asia at the time?
- 📝 How can we be sure what the first day of the month was 2000 years ago and how can we determine which years were leap years?
- 📝 How and when did the word "nuclear" replace the word "atomic"?
- 📝 When and how did the USA and the UK become allies?
- 📝 Where did Hitler get the funds to invest in economic development programs such as the autobahn when the German economy was in a depression?
- 📝 When the Portuguese began the exploration of the West African Coast, did they believe the Indian Ocean was an enclosed sea?
- 📝 Was the Dutch State independent when the Dutch East India Company was founded?
- 📝 How likely is it that any non-Celtic language was spoken in the British Isles when the Romans invaded?
- 📝 When and why was the samurai class abolished?
- 📝 When and how did the Han ethnic group become by far the biggest ethnic group in China?
- 📝 How was the modern geographic boundary between Europe and Asia decided?
- 📝 How were diplomats and their staffs treated when World War II was declared?
- 📝 Why was the Red Army successful against the Japanese in 1939 but perform poorly against Finland 1939-40 and early part of WW2?
- 📝 How common was marriage between nobles and peasants in the Middle Ages?
- 📝 How and when was Portugal created?