Has there ever been a US election that flipped as many state seats as the 2010 midterm elections?
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Federal Election Results
According to The American Presidency Project, the 2010 midterm election holds 2nd place in having flipped the most U.S. House and U.S. Senate seats.
By position, the top five midterm elections which have resulted in the most U.S. Congress (House and Senate) seats lost / flipped are as follows:
- 1938 (Franklin D. Roosevelt), House Seats Lost: -71; Senate Seats Lost: -6
- 2010 (Barack H. Obama), House Seats Lost: -63; Senate Seats Lost: -6
- 1942 (Franklin D. Roosevelt), House Seats Lost: -55; Senate Seats Lost: -9
- 1994 (William J. Clinton), House Seats Lost: -52; Senate Seats Lost: -8
- 1958 (Dwight D. Eisenhower), House Seats Lost: -48; Senate Seats Lost: -13
Close behind at #6 was the post-Watergate midterm election of 1974 (Gerald R. Ford having replaced Richard M. Nixon), House Seats Lost: -48; Senate Seats Lost: -5.
State Legislative Election Results
According to Wikipedia's article on United States Elections, 2010, the 2010 elections hold 1st Place for state legislative control changes (680 flipped by Republicans), with 2nd Place honors (dishonors?) going to the post-Watergate 1974 United States Elections where the Democrats flipped 628 state house seats.
Gubernatorial Election Results
I have only been able to find compiled data going back to 1990 for Governor's races (Source for data below: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections - includes all Governors' race results).
(Note: I did find an interesting online source with detailed federal and local election results from 1787 - 1825 (A New Nation Votes) but the data is not presented in an easily comparable way and would require days or weeks to compile and compare.)
But here below, using Dave Leip's data, are the midterm Gubernatorial seat-flip results from 1990 to present (2014 being the most recent until 2018 results are in) sorted by largest overall net change to smallest, showing net gain/loss for (R)epublicans, (D)emocrats, and (I)ndependents / Reform / Other.
(Note: net change does not balance to 0 in all cases):
- 1994: (William J. Clinton), (R) +10, (D) -10, (I) 0
- 2006: (George W. Bush), (R) -6, (D) +6, (I) +1
- 2010: (Barack H. Obama), (R) +5, (D) -6, (I) 0
- 2002: (George W. Bush), (R) -1, (D) +3, (I) -2
- 2014: (Barack H. Obama), (R) +2, (D) -2, (I) 0
- 1990: (George H.W. Bush), (R) -1, (D) -1, (I) +1
- 1998: (William J. Clinton), (R) -1, (D) 0, (I) +1
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The elections of 1894 resulted in a net gain of 110 House seats and 2 Senate seats by the Republicans, for a total net gain of 112 seats across both houses.
The elections of 1922 resulted in a net loss of 77 House seats and 7 Senate seats by the Republicans, for a total net loss of 84 seats across both Houses.
The total net change for both of these elections exceeds that of the 1938 elections (a loss of 71 in House and 6 in Senate for 77 total).
Here is a visual representation of Senate and House control from 1855 to 2019:
A large scale collection of county-level results, state by state from 1824 to 1968, has been collected by University of Michigan. However its organization as separate files by state and era, makes analysis a project beyond a reasonable scope for one answer on this site.
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