First time the sail ship technology took off
Upvote:2
Archeologists have found the first "picture" of a sailing vessel in a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia, called the Ubaid period (ca. 6500 to 3800 BC). Somewhere to be carbon dated between 5500 and 5000 BC.
An actual image of this picture as well as more information can be seen in Antique: "Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC", Robert Carter.
Boat-related ο¬nds consist of a ceramic model of a reed-bundle boat (Figure 3); a painteddisc depicting a sailing boat (Figure 4) and over 50 pieces of bituminous amalgam, mostly with reed-impressions and/or barnacle encrustations, which are interpreted as fragments of the waterproof coating of sea-going reed-bundle boats (Figure 5)
Upvote:3
I think the real answer to your question is when navigation became effective. The Greeks and Romans had not invented the compass and as such were not known to navigate outside the sight of land. Grain shipments from what is now Tunisia and Libya would travel eastwards to Egypt and north to Turkey and then westwards towards Italy. Someone with a compass would just head north - cutting a significant amount of time off the voyage.
Non-europeans were good navigators, and had sailing vessels, but due to lack of written records, tend to get left out of history books. Recent DNA evidence shows that Polynesians obtained sweet potatoes from South America and distributed them to other Polynesian islands centuries before Europeans reached South America.
Finally, triremes were warships and were not used for cargo carrying.
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