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The Progressive Party of Canada is a small-scale exception. It was formed by farmers opposed to the then Conservative Canadian government's tariff policy, and tended to form alliances with the various Canadian Labour parties, or socialist groups.
However, they did not last very long.
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More than leftwing and rightwing, I would talk about conservative and innovative.
For almost all of the history of mankind, the cities have been:
trade and communication hubs
the sede of government (not only political, but also religious)
industrial and economical powerhouse
intellectual centers
All of these have been related in a lot of ways... not only a city would be a local trade hub and could become an international one; if a trade hub appeared in a place where no city did exist then people would start stablishing there to profit from it, founding a new city. Similarly, even if a king did chose to move his court to the country, it would attract a considerable amount of follower and artisans who would form the seed of a new city.
The administration of the country, the trade, etc., would in turn need the existence of a class of people with some culture and the stablishment of communication links with other cities, favoring the interchange of ideas.
Also, live in small towns and villages favours a communal way of living, that usually punishes those who step outside the stablished traditions, while live in the city allows for a greater degree of personal freedom.
So in the cities you get:
a concentration of educated people with (relatively) good knowledge of what happens around the world, making it more probable that, if someone is going to develop a new idea/theory/concept, it would be done there.
a concentration of people making it easier to spread new ideas/theories/concepts developed in that city or in other cities.
a higher chance of those theories becoming noticed by the government (either for good or for bad).
Note that I am refering to the spread of ideas/etc. The origin of those could be very well a man living in an isolated farm, but usually the above mentioned points favor that, whatever its origin, the ideas spread faster through cities. Additionally, it is not hard to believe that the kind of man who spend his time devising new ideas would like to share them and listen to the ideas of opinions of men like himself, which would lead to him having a strong incentive to move to a city.