When did Pontius Pilate rule?

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At that time they were counting the years in the of reign of the Roman Emperor. Josephus said he was the Roman governor of Judea for 10 years when Tiberius was the Emperor. (in the 14th year of Tiberius to the 24th year of Tiberius) Marcellus took over when the Roman governor of Syria ordered him back to Rome after the incident with the armed Samaritans near Mount Gerizim.

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JA Book 18 Chapter 4

Original Limestone Inscription

Original Limestone Inscription

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The issue here is when you consider the start of the year, considering the many options of the Seleucid Era, and the many calendars that used this Era in the Middle East by this time. Do not think an Era is a calendar! Also, consider that the Roman calendar was NOT in use in Judaea by this time yet and this adds a layer of complexity but allows us to pinpoint this range.

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