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... the article specifically pertaining to "Chaturanga" suggests that its origins lie in the Indus Valley Civilisation, which was a Bronze Age civilization in South Asia.
Well, what Wikipedia actually says in its article on Chaturanga is:
Archeological remains from 2000 to 3000 BC have been found from the city of Lothal (of the Indus Valley civilisation) of pieces on a board that resemble chess.
This is very thin evidence that Chaturanga originates in the IVC. Maybe it did, and the name it acquired in Sanskrit replaced its name in the language(s) of the IVC, but we have no grounds for confidence in that idea.
The earliest mention of Chaturanga is apparently from the Bhavishya Purana, but reliably dating any passages of that text seems to be impractical, and its earliest dates are 5th to 7th CE, at least 1,800 years after the end of the IVC.
It seems at least plausible that the IVC had an 8x8 board game that wasn't an ancestor of Chaturanga, but again, we have no way to know.
We just don't have enough information to claim that the name is inconsistent with the origins of the game.