Upvote:2
Wikipedia attributes the first automobile to Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, invented in 1769:
It apparently didn't have much passing power, as the top speed was specified at a blazing fast 4.8 miles per hour and it didn't achieve that in practice.
Edit:
After a bit of searching, I found a reference to a specific date that the testing started, which is given as October 20th, 1769 at the Paris Arsenal. Note that there aren't any citations given on the page, so I can't verify it (even if I could read French). The original concept seems to have been proposed in Cugnot's 1766 book ΓlΓ©ments de l'art militaire ancien et moderne, although work didn't begin until a commission was granted in 1769. I can't locate the date that the commission was given, but if you read French, this document might be a good starting point for more research.