How, exactly, was 30% of Russia's industrial capacity distributed "in and around Moscow" in 1941?
score:5
It is funny, but the areas to the West of Moscow really were presumably used as recreational areas and basins with clear water for the city. (Such as Klyazminskoye basin). The industrial centers as ElecroStal, Noginsk Podolsk, Dolgoprudny, Kaliningrad, Mytishi were to the North, East and South form the city. There WERE some important factories to the West of the center, but they were not farther than 10 miles from it.
An economical map of 1961.
The emptiness of the western side of the Moscow area is seen nicely. The only town important for the defense industry is Solnechnogorsk there.
So, the occupation of the West side of the close area around Moscow did not influence the industry noticeably, and factories continued to work.
[Edit] The eastern part was the most important. Notice, that later, when the targets for the nuclear strikes were chosen by USA and USSR, the Electrostal/Noginsk double city was chosen as the target number 5 in the USSR, staying in line among much greater cities. At least, at our defense lectures, we were informed so.
On the other hand, the air there was... MUCH worse than in the center of Moscow, that was stinky, too. After visiting Electrostal once in my life with a friend of mine, after 5 hours we both started to feel ourselves awfully (but differently) and returning to Moscow we felt as if we arrived into the pine forest :-). The year 1982 it was.
Upvote:3
It's a mistake to think of the "Battle of Moscow" as being fought between two armies in close contact, forming continuous fronts.
The kind of mobile warfare that was being fought involves the attacking side probing with reconnaissance units to locate concentrations of defenders, then bringing up sufficient force to at least pin the defenders in place, or preferably, surround them and force a surrender. If the defenders know they're in danger of being surrounded, they'll retreat unless ordered otherwise.
The closest the Germans came to Moscow seems to be disputed. It's agreed that they took the village of Krasnaya Polyana, which is now part of the town of Lobnya, but it is not quite clear if any of their reconnaissance troops reached Khimki which at the time was 5 miles from the edge of Moscow.
It is clear that they never entered the Moscow urban area. At the time, the industries of Moscow would all be within the urban area. "Out-of-town factories" only flourish in societies where commuting significant distances, usually by automobile, is practical for factory workers. That definitely wasn't the case for Moscow industrial workers in 1941.
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