Was there Church opposition to heliocentrism in 1600?
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The opinion of the Church on heliocentrism was not officially stated by 1600. This means that there was no Church opinion. People, including cardinals and popes could have their own opinion, and these opinions varied. You can read in Wikipedia and elsewhere how this official opinion was gradually formed. At the time of the process of Galileo, Copernican system was not officially prohibited, but it was required that it is represented as a "mathematical hypothesis", not the "description of reality", until there is a conclusive proof. (This point of view was stated by cardinal Bellarmine, so it is not completely clear whether this can be called the official opinion of the church.)
Galileo thought that he had a proof, and this (and other things) led to a conflict with the Church.
In fact Galileo's principal "proof" was wrong, by the way. Copernicus book was initially censored (some sentences removed, and a foreword added), but eventually it was placed in the Index of prohibited books in 1616. So one cannot say that there was a definite "Church opinion" in 1600.
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