What was the origin and purpose of the "Montes"?
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Accepted answer
It seems that 1472 would be the oldest, and they appear to be a form of a charity/bank/fund for the poor. According to this site:
Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the oldest bank in the world, originated in 1472 as a Monte Pio (pawn agency) at the behest of the Magistracies of the Republic of Siena and was expressly instituted to give aid to the more underprivileged classes of the population during a time of particular hardship for the local economy.
If you are a Spanish speaker, this site may give you some more info. The translated page is not very helpful.
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Source: stackoverflow.com
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