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A royal project of the late 1500s collected geographical reports from across New Spain. Perhaps reflecting this practice, in the 1740s the naturalist Ulloa compiled geographical details in Perú, research which was later published in books called Relación histórica del viaje a la América Meridional and Noticias secretas de América.
The article by Francisco de Solano, Valor y significado de la "descripción de la nueva España, 1778", obra inédita de Antonio de Ulloa, described Ulloa's project to do something similar on his later trip to Mexico. Ulloa put together a questionnaire of about sixty questions which Secretary of the Indies José de Galvez deferentially allowed him to propagate. According to Solano, "local authorities in the greater part of the Viceroyalty responded". Fernández, though he was not a parish priest nor a mayor, must have been one of these.
On his voyage back to Spain, Ulloa wrote a descripción de la nueva España that covered only the regions that he personally visited. It was published in the 20th century as Descripción geográfico-física de una parte de la Nueva España de Antonio de Ulloa, y su correspondencia privada con el virrey don Antonio María de Bucareli. The collection of relaciones geográficas de la Nueva España 1777/1778 is held in Spain's National Library and reproduced in works by Francisco del Paso y Troncoso. Without further analyzing the provenance of all these documents, Ulloa seemingly brought them to Spain on the 1778 treasure fleet.
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The report could be intended for publication, or for his church authorities. Catholic priests, especially Jesuits, are known for many scientific activities in all areas of science, from geography and ethnography to astronomy, mathematics and linguistic studies. Their contribution is very substantial. Jesuits run a network of schools of various level and universities.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_clergy_scientists