Why were 70 foreign women brought to Userkaf?
score:7
According to German Egyptologist Hartwig Altenmüller, it wasn't necessarily women. He also asserts that it may be about Asians.
"Abgaben" aus dem 2. Jahr des Userkaf. München 1995, p.46 Altenmüller on the hieroglyph in question
Quick translation:
"The determiner shows a single "foreigner". It shows a man, crouching on the floor, in the long dress, hair, and beard style of the northern countries. A similar but rare hieroglyph is the determiner of the word "Asian" in the annals of Amenemhets II."
As to why these 70 foreigners were brought from Asia, Altenmüller has a general and a more concrete answer. The general one is the reason why anyone brings tributes:
"Abgaben" aus dem 2. Jahr des Userkaf. München 1995, p.46
Altenmüller on the reason for the tribute
Quick translation:
"The purpose of the tribute should be the same as all such tributes from the Old, Middle and New Kingdom. The listen gifts are meant to document the devotion of the tribute givers and to invoke favour from the recipient of the tribute."
Helpfully, Altenmüller goes into more detail shortly thereafter. He determines that the 303 "sack carriers" who are presenting the tributes (the 70 foreigners) do so because they themselves have been outcast once.
"Abgaben" aus dem 2. Jahr des Userkaf. München 1995, p.47
Altenmüller on the nature of the people who brought the 70 foreigners
Quick translation:
"For both Userkaf and Amenemhet II., these tributes only make sense if there was some kind of distance that needed to be overcome or suppressed towards the ruler. This leads to the assumption that the tribute-giving Egyptian "sack carriers" had been in a foreign country and thus belonged to a group of outcasts, [same meaning as outcast] or emigrants."
So Altenmüller makes the assumption that 303 Egyptians had been some kind of exiled pariahs, and their tribute of 70 foreigners from the land they had been exiled to, was to appease the ruler and make them benevolent towards them and their former reputation.
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