How did Qing China keep in contact with other places?
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I have only very superficial knowledge of Chinese history and the following is mostly based on some quick Wikipedia reading.
The Qing did not make much effort to keep in contact with the outside world. On the one hand, by the nineteenth century it was in a long slow decline and faced internal problems, culminating in a series of rebellions. On the other hand, it wanted to avoid contact with the West in the hopes of preventing encroachment.
Here is a list of tributary missions received by China during the Qing period. They were indeed limited and infrequent, and mostly limited to the 18th century.
The Lifan Yuan was a Qing agency that managed relations with outlying territories like Mongolia and Tibet.
For most of the Qing reign, trade with foreigners was limited to the cohong in Canton. The James Flint affair led to a tightening of restrictions in 1759. These restrictions stayed in place until the First Opium War. After this (1840s onward) European powers imposed what came to be known as the unequal treaties which gradually forced China to accept foreign trade at other locations.
This article by Larisa Zabrovskaia in the Journal of Historical Sociology looks relevant for further reading.
Upvote:0
From the Tan dynasty era, Chinese empires ( if China is split into 2 countries, the "subordinate" countries paid later explained Tributary System to the closest superior country. ) used Tributary system.
Qing was most powerful country at that time in China.
Qin also "put under symbolic control" many countries around them through the aforementioned Tributary system.
That's where Qing dynasty get the source ( of information from another country etc etc. )
Though the power of the Qing dynasty was weakened or even lost a war to Japan due to the Western industrialization and Japan which followed it.
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