How much were Jews allowed to take with them from Nazi Germany?
Upvote:16
Is this indeed a discrepancy, or am I misunderstanding the article?
You are misunderstanding the situation, since the article is mixing multiple laws that changed over time.
- Currency restrictions (Devisenbewirtschaftung)
- 1931-08-01: RM 3.000
- 1934-09-11: RM 50
- 1934-09-29: RM 10
- Reich Flight Tax (Reichsfluchtsteuer)
- 1931-12-08: for sums over RM 20.000 [§2], 25% [§3(1)]
- 1934-05-18: for sums over RM 5.000, 25% (§3(1) was not changed)
- Fees for money transfer (Dego levy)
- 1934-01: 20%
- 1934-08: 65%
- 1936-10: 81%
- 1938-06: 90%
- 1939-09: 96%
- Ordinance on the registration of property of Jews
- 1938-04-22
- Jewish Capital Levy (Judenvermögensabgabe)
- 1938-11-21: for sums over RM 5.000 [§3(4)], 20% [§4(1)]
The currency restrictions was the amount allowed to be converted to foreign currency and applied to all persons traveling abroad (i.e. also for short visits ; tourist etc.) and are often seen in German passports after 1934.
The Reich Flight Tax applied to all persons leaving the country permanently. A simular law existed between 1918 and 1925.
Fees for money transfer (Dego levy)
Dego-Abgabe (German only)
Wer auf legalem Wege emigrieren wollte, musste seine Wertpapiere und die Verkaufserlöse von Geschäft und Immobilien auf einem Sperrmark-Konto belassen. Der Umtausch vom Auswanderersperrguthaben in Devisen musste von der Deutschen Golddiskontbank genehmigt werden und wurde nur mit einem Disagio vorgenommen, der sogenannten Dego-Abgabe.Those who wanted to emigrate legally had to leave their securities and the proceeds from the sale of businesses and real estate in a blocked mark account. The exchange of the emigrant's blocked credit into foreign currency had to be approved by the Deutsche Golddiskontbank and was only carried out with a discount, the so-called Dego levy.
Note:
The transfer fee was set by the Deutsche Golddiskontbank and not by law. The Paul Reiss sample quotes 92.5% for November 1938.
Jewish Capital Levy, for German or stateless Jews, based on their worldwide financial assets as of 1938-11-12. For sums over RM 5.000, rounded down to the nearest RM 1.000 [§3(5)]: 20% to be paid in 4 rates of 5% [§4(1,2)]:
- 1938-12-15
- 1939-02-15
- 1939-05-15
- 1939-08-15
| Sample: Paul Reiss | Date | Assets (RM) | Rate | Tax/Fee | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichsfluchtsteuer | 1938-08 | 634.000 | 25% | 158.500 | 158.500 |
| Dego-Abgabe (Transfer) | 1938-11 | 100.000 | 92.5% | 92.500 | 251.000 |
| Judenvermögensabgabe #1/4 | 1938-12-15 | 537.500 | 5% | 26.875 | 277.875 |
| Judenvermögensabgabe #2/4 | 1939-02-15 | 537.500 | 5% | 26.875 | 304.750 |
| Judenvermögensabgabe #3/4 | 1939-05-15 | 537.500 | 5% | 26.875 | 331.625 |
| Judenvermögensabgabe #4/4 | 1939-08-15 | 537.500 | 5% | 26.875 | 358.500 |
| Dego-Abgabe (Transfer) | 1939-09 | 239.219 | 96% | 229.650 | 588.150 |
| Assets | 1940-01 | 60.722 |
Note:
The buying value of the Reichsmark, in 1938, was € 4.30 (as of 2020).
Sources:
- Currency restrictions:
- Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten über die Devisenbewirtschaftung
- 1. August 1931 / RGBl. I, S. 421-426
- §11 Freimenge RM 3000
- 1. August 1931 / RGBl. I, S. 421-426
- Verordnung zur Änderung der Verordnung über die Devisenbewirtschaftung
- 11. September 1934 / RGBl. I, S. 829
- §21(1): Freimenge RM 50
- 11. September 1934 / RGBl. I, S. 829
- Verordnung zur Änderung der Verordnung über die Devisenbewirtschaftung
- 29. September 1934 / RGBl. I, S. 894
- §21(1): Freimenge RM 10
- 29. September 1934 / RGBl. I, S. 894
- Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten über die Devisenbewirtschaftung
- Reichsfluchtsteuer
- Siebter Teil, Kapitel III: Reichsfluchtsteuer und sonstige Maßnahmen gegeb Kapitel- und Steuerflucht
- 8. Dezember 1931 Reichsgesetzblatt 1931 I, pp. 731-737
- 1931-12-08: Reich Flight Tax - Wikipedia
- Gesetz über Änderung der Vorschriften über die Reichsfluchtsteuer
- 18. Mai 1934 RGBl.1934 I, S. 392–393
- Siebter Teil, Kapitel III: Reichsfluchtsteuer und sonstige Maßnahmen gegeb Kapitel- und Steuerflucht
- Ordinance on the registration of property of Jews
(and "Jewish Capital Levy")- Verordnung über die Anmeldung des Vermögens von Juden
- 22. April 1938 / RGBl. Band 1938 Teil I, Nr. 63, Seite 414–415
- Durchführungsverordnung über die Sühneleistung der Juden (Judenvermögensabgabe)
- 21. November 1938 / RGBl. Band 1938 Teil I, Nr. 196, Seite 1638–1640
- Verordnung über die Anmeldung des Vermögens von Juden
- Finanzielle Ausplünderung deutscher Juden: Das Beispiel Paul Reiss — Landesbildungsserver Baden-Württemberg (in German)
- Kaufkraftäquivalente historischer Beträge in deutschen Währungen - Deutsche Bundesbank - Stand: 2021-01 (PDF)
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