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It doesn't seem like there is much information on this readily available in English, but here are a few scraps I could find.
The Geographical Distribution of the International Geophysical Year Stations listed (by my quick count) 8 participating measurement stations in Taiwan.
The article "Science as a symbol of new nationhood: India and the International Geophysical Year 1957β58" mentions in passing that:
A postcard containing scientific data from Taiwan was intercepted and destroyed by the Bombay Customs in accordance with the prevailing rules. The Customs was however decent enough to inform the IGY secretariat. The matter was taken up with the Ministry of External Affairs and scientific correspondence exempted from censor.
A footnote in the book refers to the existence of the following source:
Final Report [of] Chinese National Committee [for the] International Geophysical Year 1957β58 (Taipei: Chinese National Committee for the IGY, April 1959)
Based on a Worldcat search, it is 43 pages and copies are rare.