Why was the massive Human Wave attack used in WWI?
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WWI was a pivotal time in military tactics due to the number of technological advances in warfare that had been relatively unused until that point in time. Machine guns had developed to a point that isn't much different from modern designs; field artillery had gotten a lot bigger, was capable of indirect fire, and had many different munition options; chemical weapons were available; airplanes were starting to become a valuable asset; and mainline infantry was now outfitted with very powerful and accurate repeating rifles. This combined to create a killing power that had previously been unimaginable.
Before this period massive charges were effective because it was possible to close on an enemy with a large force before the enemy could decimate it, allowing you to break their line and limit the effectiveness of their heavy weaponry. It was used so much, because that was the strategy taught to officers at the time, because that is what had historically worked for large armies. Other strategies had largely yet to be implemented, or were similarly useless against new technology.
There actually was a surprising amount of new strategies developed in WWI, some genius others less so. There was a lot of catch-up being played by officers on all sides to devise new strategies for the modern era.
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Source: stackoverflow.com
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